40 Butteassociated with greater skeletal mineralization,
bone density and bone mass.
Energy requirements must be adjusted in ac-
cordance with habitual physical activity. Torun
[14] compiled 42 studies on the activity patterns
of 6,400 children living in urban, rural, industri-
alized and developing settings from around the
world. The TEE of rural boys and girls was 10, 15
and 25% higher at 5–9, 10–14 and 15–19 years of
age, respectively, than that of their urban coun-
terparts. As part of the compilation of TEE values
described above, physical activity level (PAL) val-
ues were estimated by using measured or predict-
ed BMR [10]. The Schofield equations for BMR
[3] were used to predict PAL for children and ad-
olescents if not provided in the original publica-
tion. The average PAL (1.7) from these studies re-
f lects a moderate level of activity. To estimate the
energy requirements of children with different
levels of habitual physical activity, a 15% allow-
ance was subtracted or added to the average PAL
to estimate light (PAL = 1.5) and vigorous (PAL =
2.0) levels of activity in the 2004 FAO/WHO/
UNU report.Conclusions- Energy requirements of infants, children and
adolescents are defined as the amount of en-
ergy needed to balance TEE at a desirable level
of physical activity, and to support optimal
growth and development consistent with long-
term health [1] - Even though energy requirements are also
presented for varying levels of physical activi-
ty, moderately active lifestyles are strongly en-
couraged for children and adolescents to
maintain fitness and health and to reduce the
risk of overnutrition
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ments of infants and children. Lau-
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fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and
amino acids. Washington, National
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DOI: 10.1159/000360315