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ROGERGOEPPERHINAYANAHlnayanais a pejorative term meaning “Lesser Ve-
hicle.” Some adherents of the “Greater Vehicle” (MA-
HAYANA) applied it to non-Mahayanist schools such as
the THERAVADA, the Sarvastivada, the MAHASAMGHIKA,
and some fifteen other schools. This encyclopedia uses
the term MAINSTREAMBUDDHIST SCHOOLSinstead of
Hlnayana.
JOHNS. STRONGHINDUISM AND BUDDHISMThe term Hinduismas used in this entry (but not usu-
ally elsewhere) covers the whole Brahmanical tradi-
tion, which initially expresses itself in Vedic and its
ancillary literature and is in its later phases character-
ized by its acceptance of the authority of the Veda. Hin-
duism understood in this manner is no monolithic
whole, and a discussion of the importance of Hinduism
in the development of Buddhism is not possible with-
out some understanding of the development of Hin-
duism itself.Vedic religion and Buddhism
Little is known about religion in early India beyond
what can be learned from the corpus of texts collec-
tively known by the name Veda.Vedic literature is ex-
tensive and was produced over a very long period: The
earliest parts of the Rgvedawere composed many cen-
turies before the Vedic Upanisads, which constitute the
most recent part of this corpus. Vedic literature is ex-
pressive of what is commonly called Vedic religion.
Vedic religion did not remain static, yet manifests as aHINAYANA