Encyclopedia of Buddhism

Doctrine), and Simbo ̆p yoch’o(The Essential Excerpts of
the Teachings of Mind). He also wrote books attempting
to incorporate the three main traditions in East Asian
thought—Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism—into
a So ̆n framework, such as Samga kwigam(Speculum on
the Three Teachings).

Hyujo ̆ng also played a role in Korean political his-
tory as the organizer of the so-called Monk’s Militia
that helped repel the Japanese invasion of 1592. De-
pending on one’s point of view, this can be seen as a
highly successful manifestation of the Korean tradition
of hoguk pulgyo(state-protection Buddhism) or as a
striking example of the distorting influence of politi-
cal involvement on Korean Buddhism. Considering
the strongly Confucian tenor of the culture at that
time, however, and the fact that Hyujo ̆ng was raised in

the home of a Confucian scholar, it might not be sur-

prising that he chose a more actively patriotic course.

See also:Chan School; Confucianism and Buddhism;

Korea; Yujo ̆ng

Bibliography

Buswell, Robert E., Jr. “Buddhism under Confucian Domina-

tion: The Synthetic Vision of So ̆san Hyu ̆jo ̆ng.” In Culture

and the State in the Late Choso ̆n Korea, ed. JaHyun Kim

Haboush and Martina Deuchler. Cambridge, MA: Harvard

University Asia Center, 1999.

Kim, Yo ̆ng-t’ae. “Master Hyujo ̆ng: His Thought and Dharma

Lineage.” In Buddhism in the Early Choso ̆n: Suppression and

Transformation, ed. Lewis R. Lancaster and Chai-shin Yu.

Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 1996.

SUNGTAEKCHO

HYUJO ̆NG