Pediatric Nursing Demystified

Type 2:

• Maintain ideal body weight through diet and exercise.


• Regular monitoring of blood glucose.


• Administer oral sulfonylureas to stimulate secretion of insulin from
  the pancreas (see Table 9-2).


• Administer oral Biguanides to reduce blood glucose production by
  the liver:
  Metformin


• Administer thiazolidinediones to sensitize peripheral tissues to
  insulin:
  Rosiglitazone
  Pioglitazone


• Administer meglitinide analogs to stimulate section of insulin from
  the pancreas:
  Repaglinide


• Administer D-phenylalanine derivative to stimulate insulin production:
  Nateglinide


• Administer alpha-glucosidase inhibitors to delay absorption of car-
  bohydrates in the intestine:
  Acarbose
  Miglitol


• Administer DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors to slow the inac-
  tivation of incretin hormones; GLP-I that assists insulin product in
  the pancreas:
  Sitagliptin

CHAPTER 9/ Endocrine and Metabolic Conditions^187

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Onset Peak Duration Comments

Oral sulfonylureas

Dymelor 1 h 4–6 h 12–24 h

Diabinese 1 h 4–6 h 40–60 h

Micronase, DiaBeta 15 min–1 h 2–8 h 10–24 h

Oral biguanides

Glucophage 2–2.5 h 10–16 h Decreases glucose production

in liver, decreases intestinal

absorption of glucose, and

improves insulin sensitivity

Oral α-glucosidase inhibitor 1 h Delays glucose absorption

Precose Rapid 2–3 h and digestion of carbohy-

Glyset 2–3 h drates, lowers blood sugar,

reduces plasma glucose and

insulin

TABLE 9–2•Oral Hypoglycemic Agents