Pediatric Nursing Demystified

Encephalitis

Myocarditis

Meningitis

Hepatitis

Arthritis

Epididymoorchitis

Sterility

Test Results

Serum: Elevated amylase due to enlarged parotid glands

Complete blood count: Elevated white blood count (leukocytosis) and

elevated lymphocytes (lymphocytosis)

Culture to confirm involved organism

Mumps titer may be performed to determine immunity

Treatment

Prevention:

• Encourage immunization—measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
  vaccine:
  Initial immunization is given after 12 months of age.
  Immunization is recommended for individuals born after 1957 who
  have not had the mumps or been immunized, or do not have titers
  showing immunity.
  Treatment:


• Administer corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.


• Administer NSAIDs to reduce inflammation.


• Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), or naproxen
  sodium (Aleve) to relieve pain.


• Maintain bed rest during the prodromal stage and while swelling
  present.


• Isolate child and contaminated items from other children or adults,
  including used cups, plates, and utensils to prevent exposure to con-
  taminated saliva.


• Apply warm or cold compresses to neck, based on comfort and
  preference.


• Provide support in the event of orchitis:
  Warmth.
  Local support with tight-fitting clothes.


• Push fluids to prevent dehydration.


• Hydration therapy, including intravenous fluid, if child dehydrates.

Nursing Intervention

Droplet isolation, if hospitalized.

Bed rest: Provide age-appropriate diversion activities.

CHAPTER 14/ Infectious and Communicable Conditions^313