(^94) Pediatric Nursing Demystified
The cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) can be classified as follows:
Volume overload
Pressure overload
Decreased contractility
High cardiac output demands
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of CHF can be placed in three categories:
- Impaired myocardial function
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis
Poor perfusion - Pulmonary congestion
Tachypnea
2
Inferior vena cava
8 mm Hg
78%
Pulmonary
veins
9 mm Hg
95%
Pulmonary
artery
25/15 mm Hg
72%–80%
Superior
vena cava Aorta
115/80 mm Hg 95%
RA
3 mm Hg
72%–80%
RV
25/0–5 mm Hg
72%–80%
LA
5–10 mm Hg
95%
LV
120/0–10 mm Hg
95%
FIGURE 6-2B