Pediatric Nursing Demystified

(^74) Pediatric Nursing Demystified
of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Most respiratory illnesses in children
present as acute or chronic episodes. These illnesses may occur as primary
problems or complications resulting from other illnesses. The respiratory illnesses
reviewed in this chapter may be a result of a functional or structural problem
or a combination of both. As you read about the illnesses, relate the alterations
to the location in which they occur and the type of respiratory condition (i.e.,
functional, structural, or both).

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Acute Viral Nasopharyngitis

What Went Wrong?

Acute viral nasopharyngitis (AVN) is referred to as the common cold and may

be caused by a number of viruses such as

Rhinovirus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Influenza virus

Parainfluenza virus

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms are more severe in infants than in children and adults. The most

prevalent symptom is fever along with

Irritability.

Restlessness.

Decreased appetite.

Decreased activity.

Nasal stuffiness and discharge.

Muscular aches.

Cough.

Occasionally fever may recur or the child might experience otitis media.

Test Results

The diagnosis for AVN is usually made on the client’s history and physical

exam. Affected children usually have a normal WBC count.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for AVN.

Effective vaccines are not available.

Children are usually treated at home.

Antipyretics are prescribed for mild fever and discomfort.

Decongestants may be prescribed for children and infants >6 months

of age.

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