7 Ian Wilmut 7

Centre for Regenerative Medicine, located in Edinburgh,

and led research efforts into cellular reprogramming.

Wilmut received several awards during his career,

including the Ernst Schering Prize in 2002 and the Paul

Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 2005. Wilmut

also was made fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in

2000 and of the Royal Society of London in 2002; he

was knighted in 2007. In addition to papers published in

high-ranking journals such as Nature and Science, Wilmut

also published several books, including The Second Creation:

Dolly and the Age of Biological Control (2000; with Keith

Campbell and Colin Tudge) and After Dolly: The Uses and

Misuses of Human Cloning (2006; with Roger Highfield).

Rodney Brooks

(b. Dec. 30, 1954, Adelaide, South Australia, Austl.)

R

odney Allen Brooks is an Australian-born computer

scientist, artificial intelligence scientist, and designer

of mobile autonomous robots.

While attending Flinders University in Adelaide,

where he received his bachelor’s (1975) and master’s

degrees (1978) in pure mathematics, Brooks was given

access to the university’s mainframe computer for 12 hours

each Sunday. This experience with computers was enough

to convince Brooks to come to America to study with the

artificial intelligence (AI) pioneer John McCarthy at

Stanford University, California. Brooks chose a traditional

AI problem for his doctoral research (1981), which he sub-

sequently expanded and published as Model-Based Computer

Vision (1984).

By the time Brooks had finished his doctorate and

moved to the Mobile Robotics Laboratory at the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984, he