0805852212.pdf

(Ann) #1

  • 1 A Short History of Grammar Acknowledgments xiii

    • Agreeing on a Definition

    • Greek Beginnings

    • Grammar in Rome

    • Grammar in the Middle Ages

    • The Age of Enlightenment

    • The Age of Reason

    • Modern Grammars



  • 2 Teaching Grammar

    • Recognizing the Challenges

    • Learning Outcomes

    • Grammar and Writing

    • Why Teach Grammar?

    • Best Practices

    • Suggested Activities



  • 3 Traditional Grammar

    • Prescriptive Grammar in Our Schools

    • Form and Function in Grammar

    • Subjects and Predicates

    • Nouns

    • Pronouns

    • Verbs

    • Modifiers

    • Function Words



  • 4 Phrase Structure Grammar

    • From the Universal to the Particular

    • Phrase–Structure Rules

    • Tree Diagrams

    • Coordination

    • Progressive Verb Forms

    • Perfect Verb Forms

    • Possessives

    • Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Modification

    • Subordinate Clauses

    • Complement Clauses

    • Relative Clauses

    • Negatives

    • Nonfinite Verb Forms

    • Summary of Phrase–Structure Rules



  • 5 Noam Chomsky and Grammar

    • The Chomsky Revolution

    • Deep Structure and Surface Structure

    • The Basics of Transformation Rules

    • Relative Clause Formation

    • The Minimalist Program

    • A Critique of the Minimalist Program



  • 6 Cognitive Grammar

    • What Is Cognitive Grammar?

    • Modularity

    • Determining Meaning

    • Cognitive Grammar and Language Acquisition



  • 7 Dialects

    • What Is a Dialect?

    • How Do Dialects Develop?

    • Students and Dialects

    • Slang

    • Development of a Prestige Dialect

    • Nonstandard Dialects

    • Dialects and Education

    • Black English

    • Chicano English

    • Chicano English Grammar

    • Chicano English in the Classroom

    • Spanglish

    • Code Switching

    • References

    • Index



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