Basic Woodworking

WOODWORKING

Chapter 17

Squaring Wood

Introduction:

For wood to be adjoined properly, important steps must be taken to insure maximum strength and

integrity, proper symmetry, and aesthetic beauty. This is done by squaring the wood. Squaring wood simply

(^) This important part of quality construction requires four key steps:and effort.  Read the grain properlyproduces a smooth surface and decreases your finish work time  Read the distortions clearlyPlaning with the grain (i.e. in the same direction as the cutter),  Square jfinish work more difficult.chips, or at the least a rough surface. All of these make the open grain. Planing into the grain may cause “blow out”, Align grain appropriatelyDetermine the slope of the grain. Plane with the grain, not into Two tools are used for this process. One is the jointer or planer, and the other is the table saw. Reading the grain: ointed areas adequately your to one another.
(^) and twist.Warpseasoning or transportation.most often at the ends of the lumber andeffect on strength, but do limit usability. (^) A split : Any deviation from a true or plane surface Reading the Distortions:Split: Bow: A deviation flatwise from a straight line drawn from end to end of a piece. It isthe result of seasoning.the point of grusually deviation from the flat planes offrom a straight line.: Adrawn from Crook or Crown: ATwist edgewise from a straight line (^) piece. It is measured or Dog leg: A deviation edgewise from a straight line towards one end of the lumber. of greatest distance from a straight line.Kinkis a separation of the wood through Cups: A deviation from a flat plane, edge at the point end to end of a deviation eatest distance measured at all four faces by a spiraling action, to edge.is warp generally develop during manufacturing, Types of warp include: bow, crook, kink,. Various degrees of warp have no the piece to the opposite surface. Splits occur cup ,
Joinery