An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry

Global Change 259

–8

–6–7

–5

–4

–3

–2

–1

0

1

3 3

4

7 65

8

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Latitude (N)

30

20

10

Height (km)

2.5

2.5

2

2

3.5

Fig. 7.13Latitude–height distribution of the change in the zonal mean temperature (K)
in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 content. Shaded area identifies decreases in
temperature above about 15 km. After Manabe and Wetherald (1980).

CFCs 11 and 12

17%

Other

CFCs 7%

Nitrous

oxide 6%

Methane 15%

Carbon

dioxide

55%

Fig. 7.14The contribution from each of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases to change in
radiative forcing from 1980 to 1990. After IPCC (1990). With permission of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.