interview schedulen
see guided interview
intervocalicadj
(of consonants) occurring between two vowels. For example, English /d/
in lady is intervocalic.
intimate speech/intimate speech stylen
a form of speech used by people who are in a close and personal relation,
such as family members and close friends. Intimate speech is characterized by:
1 the communication of much meaning indirectly or by implication
because there is a great deal of shared knowledge
2 the absence of elaborate linguistic forms.
intonationn
when speaking, people generally raise and lower the pitchof their voice, form-
ing pitch patterns. They also give some syllables in their utterances a greater
degree of loudness and change their speech rhythm. These phenomena are
called intonation. Intonation does not happen at random but has definite
patterns (see intonation contour). Intonation is used to carry informa-
tion over and above that which is expressed by the words in the sentence.
see also key^2 , pitch level, tone unit
intonation contourn
also intonation pattern, pitch contour, pitch pattern
the pattern of pitch changes that occur across an utterance, often accom-
panied by differences in loudness and speech rhythm.
Intonation contours may have grammatical functions. For example, the
word ready?– said with rising intonation – is a question, while the same
word with falling intonation is a statement. Intonation may also signal the
speaker’s attitude towards the matter discussed. For example, the utterance
I TOLD you so– with stress and a noticeable pitch rise on the word told,
followed by falling pitch over the end of the sentence – expresses annoyance.
Some intonation contours are associated with specific sentence types.
Generally speaking, falling intonation can be associated with certainty and
rising intonation with uncertainty. For example:
Declarative sentences in English typically have an abrupt pitch rise on the
last stressed word of the sentence followed by a fall. For example, the sen-
tence Language is a social phenomenontypically has an intonation contour
consisting of a rise on the first syllable of social, followed by a gradual fall
over the remaining syllables of the sentence.
Yes–no questions, for example, Is language a social phenomenon?, typically
have a long gradual rise in pitch from the beginning to the end of the sentence.
intonation contour