outputoutput n
language produced by a language learner, either in speech or writing.
see input
output hypothesis n
also comprehensible output hypothesis
the hypothesis that successful second language acquisition requires not
only comprehensible input, but also comprehensible output, language
produced by the learner that can be understood by other speakers of the
language. It has been argued that when learners have to make efforts to
ensure that their messages are communicated (pushed output) this puts
them in a better position to notice the gap between their productions and
those of proficient speakers, fostering acquisition.
over-extension n
another term forovergeneralization
overgeneralization novergeneralize v
also over-extension, over-regularization, analogy
a process common in both first- and second-language learning, in which a
learner extends the use of a grammatical rule of a linguistic item beyond its
accepted uses, generally by making words or structures follow a more
regular pattern. For example, a child may use ballto refer to all round
objects, or use mansinstead of menfor the plural of man.
overhead projector n
also OHP
a piece of classroom equipment that projects images from an overhead
transparencyonto a wall or screen. It can be used in a classroom instead of
a whiteboard or blackboard.
overhead transparencyn
also OHT
the plastic sheet that can be written on and used with an overhead projector.
overt language policy n
see language policy