4 achievements, which are nondurative and have an inherent end point, for
example finish, realize, arrive.
grammatical aspect, on the other hand, refers to the resources provided
by a language (such as verbal auxiliaries, prefixes and suffixes) to encode
different perspectives taken by a speaker towards activities, events, and
states. Languages make available different options for realizing aspect
grammatically. English has two grammatical aspects: progressive and
perfect.
see also tense^1aspect hypothesis
see lexical aspect hypothesis
Aspects Model n
see generative theory
aspirate vaspirated adj
the very small puff of air that sometimes follows a speech sound.
For example, in English the /p/ is aspirated at the beginning of the word
/pæn / pan, but when it is preceded by an /s/, e.g. in /spæn / span there is no
puff of air. The /p/ in span is unaspirated.
In phonetic notation, aspiration is shown by the symbol [h] or [c], e.g. [phin]
or [pcin] pin.
Aspiration increases when a word or syllable is stressed, e.g.:
Ouch! I stepped on a PIN.
aspiration n
a puff of air (acoustically, a period of voicelessness) after the release of
an articulation. For example, in English the stop consonants /p, t, k / are
aspiratedwhen they are syllable initial, as in initial sounds of pie, tie, kite.
When these phonemes are preceded by /s /, e.g. in span, stairs, and skate,
there is no puff of air and these sounds are unaspirated.
Aspiration increases when a word or syllable is stressed. For example, in the
phrase a piece of pie, aspiration is more noticeable in the word piethan in
the word piece.
assessment n
a systematic approach to collecting information and making inferences
about the ability of a student or the quality or success of a teaching course
on the basis of various sources of evidence. Assessment may be done by
test, interview, questionnaire, observation, etc. For example, assessment of
the comprehension ability of an immigrant student may be necessary to
assessment