Z
zero anaphora n
a type of anaphorain which a form may be omitted because its referent
(see reference) is known or can be guessed. For example in:
Kim went down town and met Kenji.
the verb met has a “zero” subject: neither a noun nor a pronoun appears as
subject, but the referent “Kim” can be inferred.
zero article n
see article
zero morpheme n
another term for null morpheme
ZISA n
abbreviation for Zweitspracherwerb Italienischer und Spanischer Arbeiter, an
investigation of the acquisition of German by Italian and Spanish workers.
zone of proximal development n
also ZPG
in socio-cultural theory, the distance between what a learner can do by
himself or herself and what he or she can do with guidance from a teacher or a
more capable peer. The theory assumes that learners use the techniques used
during collaborative efforts when encountering similar problems in the future.
ZPG n
an abbreviation for zone of proximal development
z score n
(in statistics) a standard score expressed in standard deviation units
with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. As the following formula
for a zscore shows:
z=where X=a raw score
<=the mean
SD =the standard deviation,
a raw score is expressed in terms of the number of standard deviations it
deviates from the mean. Thus, a student with a zscore -1.0 is one standard
deviation below the mean.X -<
SD