48

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48

3

Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter, the

student should be able to

1.Explain the basic beliefs
and approaches of the fol-
lowing psychosocial theo-
ries: psychoanalytic, devel-
opmental, interpersonal,
humanistic, behavioral,
existential, and crisis
intervention.

2.Describe the following
psychosocial treatment
modalities: individual
psychotherapy, group
psychotherapy, family
therapy, behavior modifi-
cation, systematic desensi-
tization, token economy,
self-help groups, support
groups, education groups,
cognitive therapy, milieu
therapy, and psychiatric
rehabilitation.

3.Identify the psychosocial
theory on which each treat-
ment strategy is based.

4.Identify how several of the
theoretical perspectives
have influenced current
nursing practice.

Key Terms

behaviorism

behavior modification

client-centered therapy

crisis

crisis intervention

closed group

cognitive therapy

countertransference

dream analysis

education group

ego

ego defense mechanisms

family therapy

free association

group therapy

hierarchy of needs

humanism

id

individual psychotherapy

milieu therapy

negative reinforcement

open group

Psychosocial

Theories and

Therapy

➤ ➤ ➤ ➤ ➤

operant conditioning

parataxic mode

participant observer

positive reinforcement

prototaxic mode

psychiatric rehabilitation

psychoanalysis

psychosocial interventions

psychotherapy

psychotherapy group

self-actualization

self-help group

subconscious

superego

support group

syntaxic mode

systematic desensitization

therapeutic community

or milieu

therapeutic nurse–patient

relationship

transference