and spiritual development: Japan
Archery, Mongolian, 344, 347–348
and the bow, 347–348
See alsoMongolia
Archery, women’s, 670
Ariosto, Ludovico, 284
Aristotle, 411, 416
Arjumand Banu, 671
Arjuna, King, 173, 788
Armistice, 86
Armor
and Filipino martial arts, 428
and knights, 164–165, 267,
276–277, 281, 282
and masters of defence, 322–323
and swordsmanship, European
medieval, 572–575
Armorial achievement, 165
Arms
and masters of defence, 322
Armstrong, Walter, 737
Arnis, 423, 560, 822. See also
Philippines
Arnis de mano, 556, 803, 809
Around the World in Eighty Days
(Verne), 116
Arrow cutting, 409
Arrows
development of, 787
and Filipino martial arts, 431
Japanese, 20
poison, 794
Art of War(Sunzi), 188, 332, 789
Arte of Defence, 579
Arthurian legend, 81, 274, 276, 799
Asaf Khan, 671
Asanas, 468, 469–470
Asari Yoshiaki, 496
Asato, 234, 245–246
Ascham, Roger, 806
Ashibumi, 20
Ashikaga family, 187, 188
Ashikaga Takauji, 187, 517
Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 187
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 187
Asia
and performing arts, 419–422
Asian/Experimental Theatre Program,
421
Association of Restaurant Workers, 784
Astaad Deboo, 639
Astrology
Earthly Branch horary, 798
and martial arts, 792–793
Atemi, 12, 201, 211
Atemi-waza, 509, 824
Ateneo de Manila, 822
Athletics, women’s, 678, 792
and ranking system, 687–688
rules for, 686–687
and sexual stereotyping, 687–688
Ati murai. SeeVarma ati
Ati tata. SeeVarma ati
Atlatls, 792
development of, 787
Attire
and aikidô, 15
and fencing, 811
and fencing, French, 814
and fencing, Japanese, 813
and kajukenbo, 220–221
and karate, 829
and Muay Thai, 350–351
and sambo, 511–512
and taekwondo, 612, 615–616
and wrestling and grappling:
China, 708
Auerswald, Fabian von, 112
Augagnier, Mademoiselle, 680
Augustine of Hippo, Saint, 370
Augustinian Rule, 370, 371, 377
Austria
and military training, 85–86
and wrestling and grappling:
Europe, 715
The Avengers, 522
Awa Kenzô, 483–484
Ax
and Filipino martial arts, 428
Ayudhabhyasam, 754
Ayurveda, 749
Azes, Don José de, 822
Azuchi Castle, 189, 197
Ba To, 458
Babur, 805
Bach My Phai, 548
Backlund, Bob, 742
Baden-Powell, Robert, 823
Baglioni, Rosa, 676, 817
Bagnigge Wells, 674
Bagua, 23
Baguazhang (pa kua ch’uan), 13,
23–26,38, 70, 461
and folk hero legends, 130–131
history of, 23–24
and kung fu, 313
and meditation, 336
and qi, 261
and technique, 25
and training, 24–25
and weapons, 25
See alsoXingyiquan (hsing i
ch’uan)Index 841