MLARTC_FM.part 1.qxp

Ranking system, continued

and China, 445

and Filipino martial arts, 433

and Japan, 445–447

and jiu-jitsu, 52, 55

and jûdô, 214–215, 445–446, 822

and Kajukenbo, 221

and kendô, 253–254

and koryû bugei, 303–304, 445

and Muay Thai, 351–352

and sambo, 512–513

and savate, 522, 523–524

and Vovinam/Viet Vo Dao, 656

and wrestling and grappling: China,

708

and wrestling, Mongolian, 345

See alsoGrading system; Rank

Rao, Tukoji, III, 89

Rapa Nui. SeeEaster Island

Rape of Nanking, 483

Rapiers, 113–114, 582, 583–585, 804

and masters of defence, 322–323

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, 725

Ratchadamnoen Stadium, 350

Raymond of Toulouse, Count, 452

Record of Rituals, 706

Record of Wrestling, 706

Red Eyebrow Rebellion, 665

Red Guard, 42

Red Junk, 131

“Red Junk People,” 782

Red Sash Society, 438–439

Red Sun, 153

Red Turban uprising, 459

Regiment of Dragoons, 672

Religion

and Africa, 7

and orders of knighthood. See

Orders of knighthood, religious

and quanfa, 813

secular academic approaches to,

474

and silat, 529

and social uses of the martial arts,

532

and swordsmanship, Japanese, 589,

595

Religion and spiritual development:

Ancient Mediterranean and

medieval West, 447–455

and Christianity, 448–450

and the Crusades, 451–453

and early Middle Ages, 450–451

and Greco-Roman period, 447–448

and Greece, ancient, 447–448

and high Middle Ages, 453–454

and late antiquity, 448–450

See alsoChivalry; Knights; Orders

of knighthood, religious; Orders

of knighthood, secular

Religion and spiritual development:

China, 455–462

and Buddhism, 456–460

See alsoBoxing, Chinese; Boxing,

Chinese Shaolin; China;

Medicine, traditional Chinese;

Meditation; Written texts: China

Religion and spiritual development:

India, 462–471. See also

India; Kalarippayattu;

Meditation; Thang-ta; Varma ati;

Wrestling and grappling: India;

Written texts: India

Religion and spiritual development:

Japan, 472–501. See alsoAikidô;

Budô, bujutsu, and bugei;

Form/xing/kata/pattern practice;

Kendô; Ki/qi; Koryû bugei;

Swordsmanship, Japanese;

Warrior monks, Japanese/sôhei;

Written texts: Japan

Religious orders, 369–370. See also

Orders of knighthood, religious

Renaissance Fairs, 419

Renat, Laishev, 513

Renga, 197

Republic of Korea (ROK), 297

Republic of Korea Haedong Kumdô

Federation, 600

Republican Revolution, 41

Reputation

and social uses of the martial arts,

533–534

Requiem for a Heavyweight, 742

Researches into the History of Early

Mankind(Tylor), 821

Restored behavior, 419

Retan Gôshin Karate-jutsu

(Strengthening of Willpower and

Self-Defense through Karate

Techniques), 234

Retiarius, 142–144, 145, 146

Revolution of 1911, 460

and boxing, Chinese, 30

Revolutionary War, 674

Revolvers, 819

Rhee Seung Man, 827

Ribat, 368

Ricarte, General, 429

Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted),

78, 81, 797

Rig Veda, 230

Righteous and Harmonious Fists, 41

Rikidozan, 741

876 Index