France, 162 , 229 , 278 , 366 , 441 , 547 , 603 , 659 , 675 , 703 , 753 ; and
Albigenses, 442 , 446 , 448 ; and Arabs, 305 ; British empiricist
philosophy in, 721 ; and Byron, 750 -751; and checks and balances, 639
-640; and Chrisfianity, 390 ; and Church, 430 , 441 ; and Descartes, 563 ;
feudal disorders in, 397 ; and Germany, 720 , 738 , 752 ; and Inquisition,
449 ; and Italy, 496 , 500 , 507 ; John the Scot in, 400 , 401 , 402 -403;
landholding in, 634 ; and liberalism, 101 , 599 -600; and Locke, 601 , 605
, 641 ; and Marx, 782 , 783 ; and middle class, 486 ; and monarchy, 304 ,
393 , 554 , 555 ; and Normans, 395 , 399 , 407 ; and papacy, 304 , 469 ,
479 , 480 -481, 482 , 483 , 485 ; and Pelagian heresy, 364 ; and prudence,
677 ; and Renaissance, 500 , 512 ; and romanticism, 679 ; and Rome, 271
, 282 ; and Rousseau, 677 , 686 , 690 , 693 , 695 , 700 ; in 7 th cent., 677 ;
and Sicily and Naples, 499 ; in 6th cent., 382 ; and State, 556 ; in 10th
cent., 397 ; Visigoths and Franks in, 367 ; and wars with England, 471
Francis I, Emperor ( 17081765), 775
Francis I, King of France ( 1494-1547), 499
Francis of Assisi, St., Italian monk, founder of Franciscan Order ( 1182?-
1226), 32 , 441 , 444 , 449 -450, 479
Franciscan Order, 427 , 449 -451, 481
Franciscan schoolmen, 463 -475
Frankenstein ( Mary Shelley), 680
Frankenstein's monster, 680 -681
Franklin, Benjamin, American statesman ( 1706-1790), 36 *, 248
Franks, 334 , 366 , 367 , 374 , 384 , 386 , 389 , 390 , 392
Frauenburg, 526
Frederick II, Emperor, King of Sicily as Fredenck I, titular King of
Jerusalem ( 1194-1250), 428 , 441 , 442 , 443 -446, 452 , 495 -496, 499 ,
722
Frederick I (Barbarossa), Emperor ( 1123?-1190), 431 , 432 -434, 443 ,
720 , 738
Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia ( 17121786), 690 , 720 -721, 738
Frederick II, King of Denmark, patron of Brahe ( 1534-1588), 529
free press, 737
free volitions, 708
free will, 246 , 295 , 296 , 328 , 524 , 548 , 549 , 550 , 568 ; and St.
Augustine, 357 , 364 , 365 ; and Bergson, 793 , 799 ; and Leibniz, 584 ,
589 ; and Luther, 517 ; and scholastics, 213 , 403 , 405 , 467 ; and
Spinoza, 571 , 572 ; and Stoics, 266 -268