1482 INDEX
POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL constant, 1055
POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED constant, 1055
posix_madvise(), 1055
posix_memalign(), 149–150
example of use, 150
prototype, 149
posix_openpt(), 1380–1381
example of use, 1384
prototype, 1380
posix_spawn(), 514
posix_trace_event(), 426
POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable, 1410
Postel, J., 1193, 1194
Potthoff, K.J., xxxix
PPID (parent process ID), 32, 114–115,
608, 613
ppoll(), 1370
interrupted by signal handler, 444
PR_CAPBSET_DROP constant, 806
PR_CAPBSET_READ constant, 806
PR_GET_SECUREBITS constant, 812
PR_SET_DUMPABLE constant, 449, 615
PR_SET_KEEPCAPS constant, 813, 816
PR_SET_NAME constant, 615
PR_SET_PDEATHSIG constant, 553, 615
prctl(), 449, 553, 806, 813
pread(), 98–99, 286, 673
prototype, 98
preadv(), 102, 286
prototype, 102
preforked server, 1246
prethreaded server, 1246
print_rlimit.c, 758
print_rusage.c, 1432
print_wait_status.c, 546
printenv command, 126
printf()
buffering. See buffering of file I/O
use within signal handlers, 427–428
printk() (kernel function), 776
printPendingSigs(), 408
code of implementation, 409
printSigMask(), 408
code of implementation, 409
printSigset(), 408
code of implementation, 409
printWaitStatus(), 546
code of implementation, 546–547
PRIO_PGRP constant, 735
PRIO_PROCESS constant, 735
PRIO_USER constant, 735
private, copy-on-write mapping, 1018
privileged process, 33, 168
privileged program, 783. See also process
capabilitiesprocess, 22, 31, 113
accounting. See process accounting
capabilities. See process capabilities
checking for existence of, 403–404
controlling memory footprint with
fork() plus wait(), 521
CPU affinity, 615, 748–750
creating, 31, 515–525
credentials, 167–184
passing via socket, 1284–1285
current working directory, 29, 225,
363–365, 604, 613
exit status, 32, 545
ID, 32, 114, 604, 608, 613, 705
memory layout, 31, 115–118
diagram, 119, 1007
memory policy, 615
mount namespace, 225, 261, 263, 607
nice value (priority). See nice value
priority. See realtime scheduling,
priority
privileged, 33, 168
realtime scheduling. See realtime
scheduling
resource limit. See resource limit
resource limit on number of, 763
resource usage, 552, 614, 753–755
root directory, 225, 367–368, 604, 613
setting as owner of a file descriptor,
1347, 1350–1351
signal mask, 38, 388, 410, 578, 613, 683
speed of creation, 610–612
system-wide limit on number of, 763
termination, 32, 531–533
abnormal, 389, 433, 441, 531
normal, 531
from signal handler, 549–550
termination status, 32, 513, 531, 545
umask, 301–303, 328, 351, 604, 613,
790, 907, 923, 1060, 1065, 1091,
1110, 1174
unprivileged, 33
process accounting, 591–598, 801
Version 3, 597–598
process capabilities, 33, 615, 798–799
changing, 807–808
effect on, when changing process
user IDs, 806–807
effective, 799, 802, 807
inheritable, 799, 803, 807
permitted, 798, 802, 807
transformation during exec(), 805
process group, 39, 699, 701–704
background. See background process
group