Contents xvii
Social Factors in Schizophrenia 549
Understanding the Social World 549
Stressful Groups 550
Immigration 551
Economic Factors 552
Cultural Factors: Recovery in Different Countries 552
Feedback Loops in Action: Schizophrenia 553
Treating Schizophrenia 556
Targeting Neurological Factors in Treating
Schizophrenia 556Medication 556
Brain Stimulation: ECT and TMS 559
Targeting Psychological Factors in Treating
Schizophrenia 559Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 559
Cognitive Rehabilitation 559
Treating Comorbid Substance Abuse:
Motivational Enhancement 560Targeting Social Factors in Treating Schizophrenia 560
Family Education and Therapy 560
Group Therapy: Social Skills Training 561
Inpatient Treatment 561
Minimizing Hospitalizations: Community-Based
Interventions 561Feedback Loops in Treatment: Schizophrenia 563
CHAPTER
Personality Disorders ........................... 566
Diagnosing Personality Disorders 568
What Are Personality Disorders? 569
Why Are Personality Disorders on Axis II Instead
of Axis I? 570Assessing Psychological Disorders
DSM-IV-TR Personality Clusters 571
Criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR Category of Personality
Disorders 572CHAPTER 12
Schizophrenia and Other
Psychotic Disorders ............................... 518
What Are Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic
Disorders? 520The Symptoms of Schizophrenia 520
Positive Symptoms 520
Negative Symptoms 523
Cognitive Defi cits: The Specifi cs 524
Limitations of DSM-IV-TR Criteria 525
Subtypes of Schizophrenia 526
DSM-IV-TR Subtypes 526
Defi cit/Nondefi cit Subtypes 528
Distinguishing Between Schizophrenia and
Other Disorders 528Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia, Mood
Disorders, and Substance-Related Disorders 528Psychotic Disorders 529
Schizophrenia Facts in Detail 532
Prevalence 532
Comorbidity 534
Course 536
Gender Differences 537
Culture 537
Prognosis 538
Understanding Schizophrenia 540
Neurological Factors in Schizophrenia 541
Brain Systems 541
Neural Communication 544
Genetics 546
Psychological Factors in Schizophrenia 547
Mental Processes and Cognitive Diffi culties:
Attention, Memory, and Executive Functions 547Beliefs and Attributions 548
Emotional Expression 549