Abnormal Psychology

Contents xix

Treating Disorders of Disruptive Behavior

and Attention 666

Targeting Neurological Factors: Medication 666

Targeting Psychological Factors: Treating

Disruptive Behavior 667

Targeting Social Factors: Reinforcement in Relationships 667

Feedback Loops in Action: Treating Attention-Defi cit/

Hyperactivity Disorder 668

Other Disorders of Childhood 670

Separation Anxiety Disorder 671

What Is Separation Anxiety Disorder? 671

Distinguishing Between Separation Anxiety Disorder

and Other Disorders 673

Understanding Separation Anxiety Disorder 674

Treating Separation Anxiety Disorder 674

Other Types of Disorders of Childhood, in Brief 674

Communication Disorders 674

Feeding and Eating Disorders 675

Elimination Disorders 675

Tic Disorders 676

CHAPTER 15

Cognitive Disorders.............................. 680

Normal Versus Abnormal Aging and Cognitive

Functioning 682

Cognitive Functioning in Normal Aging 683

Memory 683

Processing Speed, Attention, and Working Memory 684

Psychological Disorders and Cognition 685

Depression 685

Anxiety Disorders 686

Schizophrenia 686

Medical Factors That Can Affect Cognition 686

Diseases and Illnesses 686

Stroke 687

Head Injury 688

Substance-Induced Changes in Cognition 688

Treating Mental Retardation 630

Targeting Neurological Factors: Prevention 630

Targeting Psychological and Social Factors:

Communication 630

Targeting Social Factors: Accommodation in the

Classroom—It’s the Law 631

Pervasive Developmental Disorders 632

Autism Spectrum Disorders 633

Autism: What Is Autistic Disorder? 633

What Is Asperger’s Disorder? 635

Distinguishing Between Asperger’s Disorder and

Other Disorders 637

Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorders 638

Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders 640

Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders 641

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 641

Rett’s Disorder 641

Learning Disorders: Problems with the Three Rs 643

What Are Learning Disorders? 643

Understanding Learning Disorders 644

Neurological Factors 644

Psychological Factors 646

Assessing Social Factors

Treating Learning Disorders 647

Treating Dyslexia 647

Treating Other Learning Disorders 647

Disorders of Disruptive Behavior and Attention 648

What Is Conduct Disorder? 649

Adolescent-Onset Type 651

Childhood-Onset Type 651

What Is Oppositional Defi ant Disorder? 653

What Is Attention-Defi cit/Hyperactivity Disorder? 655

Distinguishing Between Attention-Defi cit/Hyperactivity

Disorder and Other Disorders 658

Criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria 659

Understanding Disorders of Disruptive Behavior

and Attention 660

Neurological Factors 660

Psychological Factors: Recognizing Facial Expressions,

Keeping Track of Time 662

Social Factors: Blame and Credit 663

Feedback Loops in Action: Attention-Defi cit/

Hyperactivity Disorder 664