Gender and Sexual Disorders 517
sexual functioning, a history of abuse, and
sexual mores in the individual’s subculture.
All the factors interact via feedback loops.
An assessment of sexual dysfunctions may
evaluate neurological (and other biological),
psychological, and social factors.
Treatments that target neurological (and
other biological) factors are medications
for erectile dysfunction and for analogous
arousal problems in women. Treatments that
target psychological factors include psycho-
education and sensate focus exercises, and
CBT to counter negative thoughts, beliefs,
and behaviors associated with sexual dys-
function. Treatments that target social fac-
tors address problematic issues in a couple’s
relationship as well as teach the couple
specific sex-related cognitive or behavioral
strategies. Treatments that focus on one type
of factor for a given patient can create com-
plex feedback loops, which sometimes have
unexpected—and perhaps negative—conse-
quences for the couple.
Thinking like a clinician
Chi-Ling and Yinong were in their 30s and had
been trying to have a baby for a year. Their
sexual relations were strained: They had sex
when the ovulation predictor test kit indicated
that they should, and each month’s attempt
and subsequent failure made them anxious.
There was no joy or love in their sexual re-
lations, and most of the time Chi-Ling was
barely aroused and lubricated; she rarely had
orgasms anymore. She just wanted Yinong to
hurry up and ejaculate, and he was fi nding it
increasingly diffi cult to do so. Based on what
you have read, do you think that Chi-Ling or
Yinong has any sexual dysfunctions, and if so,
which one(s)? Support your position. If you
could obtain additional information before
you decide, what would you want to know
and why?Key Terms
Gender identity (p. 474)
Gender identity disorder (p. 474)
Gender role (p. 474)
Sex reassignment surgery (p. 480)
Paraphilia (p. 482)
Exhibitionism (p. 484)
Voyeurism (p. 485)
Frotteurism (p. 485)
Pedophilia (p. 486)
Sexual sadism (p. 486)Sexual masochism (p. 487)
Fetishism (p. 488)
Transvestic fetishism (p. 488)
Sexual dysfunctions (p. 494)
Sexual response cycle (p. 494)
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (p. 497)
Sexual aversion disorder (p. 499)
Female sexual arousal disorder (p. 500)
Male erectile disorder (p. 500)
Female orgasmic disorder (p. 501)
Male orgasmic disorder (p. 501)
Premature ejaculation (p. 502)
Dyspareunia (p. 503)
Vaginismus (p. 503)
Sensate focus exercises (p. 511)More Study Aids
For additional study aids related to this
chapter, go to:
http://www.worthpublishers.com/rosenberglf ti i hit f b d d b tfil d th i S l hi ( 8 )