Abnormal Psychology

578 CHAPTER 13

and traits so that they subsequently form the foundation for a personality disorder

(Caspi et al., 2002; Paris, 1996, 2005).

We earlier noted that temperament is partly inherited, but even so, not all chil-

dren will be like their parents. When the child’s temperament differs dramatically

from the parents’, they may not abuse or neglect the child, but the parents may not

know how to relate or bond with the child (Chess & Thomas, 1996; Graybar &

13.3 • Feedback Loops in Action: Personality Disorders

Figure 13.3g33

Mental Processes and

Mental Contents

Attention and memory are

biased to interpret other

people’s behavior in ways

consistent with dysfunc-

tional beliefs

Affect

Depends on the

specific personality

disorder

Behavior

Maladaptive behaviors

are influenced by

temperament, operant

conditioning, and

observational learning

Stressful Life Events

Abuse or neglect

Stressful family

environment

Rejection

Gender/Culture

Family

Insecure attachment

Physical abuse or

neglect by family

member

Genetics

Inherited tendency

to develop certain

temperaments

NeuroPsychoSocial

Brain Systems

NeuroPsychoSocial NeuroPsychoSocial

Neural Communication

No known major

contribution

Depends on the

specific personality

disorder

Depends on the

specific personality

disorder