(^86) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Acid base balance
Alveoli
Bifurcates
Bronchi
Cilia
Crackles
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Expiration
Fibrosis
Hypoxemia
Inspiration
Interstitium
Mesothelioma
Nasopharynx
Pulmonary edema
Rhonchi
Tachypnea
Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS)
Asbestosis
Asthma
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Bronchitis
Cor pulmonale
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Pleural effusion
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Respiratory acidosis
Tuberculosis (TB)
Acute respiratory failure
Pulmonary embolism
Influenza
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How the Respiratory System Works
The respiratory system has the following basic functions:
- Movement of air in and out of the lungs
- Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Helping maintain acid-base balance
Ventilation moves air in (inspiration) and out (expiration) of the lungs. Dur-
ing inspiration, air flows in through the nose and passes into the nasopharynx.