(^326) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
simple procedures requiring only local anesthesia. Risks include bruising, bleed-
ing, and infection.
Before the test—Informed consent will be needed.
After the test—Monitor vital signs for drop in blood pressure as well as an
increase in pulse or respiration. Check the site for bruising or bleeding. Check skin
for pallor or sweating.
Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan
This test uses x-rays to produce cross-sectional images of the body in two-
dimensional slices. Split-second computer processing creates these images as a
series of very thin x-ray beams pass through the body. A dye (contrast medium)
may be injected into a vein.
Before the test—The clearer images produced with the dye make it easier to
distinguish a tumor from normal tissue. A CT scan uses more radiation than do
conventional x-rays, but the benefits of the test outweigh the risks.
Before the test—Ask the patient about any history of allergy to contrast dye or
shellfish. The patient may need to be NPO, depending on the area that needs to be
imaged.
After the test—No special care is needed.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Unlike an x-ray, an MRI creates images using a magnetic field and radio waves.
A contrast dye also may be used. The test can take from 15 minutes to an hour. The
patient is placed in a cylindrical tube for the test. Loud banging noises are typical.
Before the test—Ask the patient about any implanted hardware such as pace-
makers, or history of claustrophobia. The patient may need to be NPO, depending
on the area that needs to be imaged.
After the test—No special care is needed.Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangiopancreatiography (ERCP)
Here, a thin, flexible tube (endoscope) is passed through the pharynx, the stomach,
and into the upper part of the small intestine. Air is used to inflate the intestinal