CHAPTER 8 Endocrine System^355
hypoparathyroidism is destruction of the glands by an autoimmune cause. Para-
thyroidectomy is no longer a major cause, since surgery now only removes the
gland that is malfunctioning. Occasionally the gland(s) may be accidentally
removed during thyroidectomy.
PROGNOSIS
Prognosis depends on the promptness with which a diagnosis is made and treat-
ment started.
HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Tetany (muscle irritability) due to abnormal levels of calcium
- Tingling of periorbital area, hands, and feet from abnormal calcium levels
- Lethargy due to low levels of parathyroid hormone
- Cataract development
- Convulsions due to acute low calcium levels
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
- Decreased serum calcium due to low levels of PTH.
- Increased serum phosphate due to low levels of PTH.
- Decreased serum PTH from diminished secretion from the parathyroid
glands. - Decreased urinary calcium from diminished PTH.
- Positive Chvostek’s sign due to decreased calcium levels.
- Positive Trousseau’s sign due to decreased calcium levels.
TREATMENT
- Initiate seizure precaution.
- Administer calcium gluconate by slow IV drip for acute hypocalcemia.