Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(^360) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
TREATMENT
Type I:

• Regular monitoring of blood glucose.


• Administer insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels (see Table 8-1).


• Maintain a diabetic diet.


• Administer:
  
  
  • Rapid-acting:
    
    
    • aspart
      
      
      • lispro
      
      
      • glulisine
      
      
      • human insulin—a rapid-acting insulin for before-meal control
      
      
      
      
    
    
    • inhaled insulin
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• Short-acting:
  
  
  • regular insulin
  
  
  
  


• Intermediate:
  
  
  • human insulin—NPH
  
  
  • human insulin—zinc—lente
  
  
  
  


• Long-acting:
  
  
  • human insulin—zinc—ultralente
  
  
  • insulin detemir
  
  
  • insulin glargine
  
  
  • combination products also available
  
  
  
  

Drug Synonym Appearance Onset Peak Duration Compatibility

Rapid- Regular Clear <.25 hr 2 to 4 hrs 3 to 6 hrs All insulin

acting except lente.

Aspart is not

compatible.

Intermediate- NPH Cloudy 1 to 1.5 hrs 8 to 12 hrs 6 to 24 hrs Regular insulin

acting

Long- Ultralente Cloudy 4 to 6 hrs 16 to 20 hrs 30 to 36 hrs Regular

acting

Table 8-1 Insulin guide