Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(Sean Pound) #1

(^376) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified



  • Nocturia—need to get up at night to urinate due to pressure on bladder

  • Decrease in force of urinary stream

  • Intermittent stream of urination

  • Hematuria


INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS



  • Urography shows high volume of post-void residual urine.

  • PSA (prostate-specific antigen) may be mildly elevated.

  • Prostate ultrasound shows hypertrophy.

  • Digital rectal exam reveals fullness of prostate and loss of median sulcus
    (midline groove between the two lateral lobes of the prostate).

  • Urinalysis may show microscopic hematuria.

  • BUN and creatinine levels may elevate, if renal function is impaired.


TREATMENT



  • Administer alpha 1 -blockers for symptom relief:

    • doxazosin

    • tamsulosin

    • terazosin



  • Monitor blood pressure; hypotension may be side effect of some alpha 1 -
    blockers.

  • Administer finasteride to relieve symptoms by shrinking prostate gland.

  • Monitor PSA levels periodically.

  • Monitor renal function.

  • Surgical removal of prostate tissue to relieve pressure.

  • Continuous bladder irrigation postoperatively.

  • Administer antispasmodics for patients experiencing bladder spasms.


NURSING DIAGNOSIS



  • Risk for impaired urinary elimination

  • Urinary retention

  • Risk for urge urinary incontinence

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