(^394) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
Crucial Diagnostic Tests
Culture and Sensitivity Tests
The culture test checks for the presence of bacteria in the urine. The sensitivity test
determines what antibiotics can be used to eliminate the bacteria. The laboratory
divides the urine specimen in half; one part is cultured to determine which bacte-
ria grow. A preliminary report should be available in 24 hours. The second half is
is used to determine to which antibiotics the organism(s) are sensitive.
Before the test—Explain to the patient that the specimen must be obtained before
an antibiotic can be started or the results will be altered.Cystoscopy
This test examines the bladder walls to check for tumors and growths. It is also
used as a therapeutic tool to remove small tumors, stones, and foreign bodies and
to dilate the urethra and ureters. A cystoscope is inserted into the urethra to the
bladder, which allows structures to be actually visualized; i.e. urethra, bladder,
ureters, and prostate.
Before the test—Explain to the patient that this test may be performed under gen-
eral, light or local anesthesia. It will be uncomfortable if the patient is awake.
Obtain informed consent.
After the test—Advise the patient to increase fluids to flush out bacteria that may
have been introduced with the cystoscope. Bladder muscle spasms may result. The
patient should expect some pink urine following the test. Frank, red blood warrants
a call to the physician. Observe for signs of a UTI—chills, fever, frequent, uncom-
fortable voiding, pelvic discomfort.Kidney, Ureter, Bladder (KUB)
X-ray Study
The KUB study is an abdominal x-ray used to detect kidney stones, abdominal
abscesses, paralytic ileus or obstruction. Explain to the patient that this is not an
invasive procedure.