CHAPTER 10 Integumentary System^405
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Avoid irritants that caused the dermatitis to prevent recurrence.
- Allow for healing and prevent bacterial infections.
- Cool compresses.
- Use protective gloves and clothing.
- Wash hands often.
- Explain to patient:
- Keep the skin moist.
- Keep nails short to diminish scratching.
- Warm, not hot, showers.
- Use mild soap.
- Apply moisturizers.
Skin Cancers
Cancers of the skin are the most common type of cancer. The incidence of skin can-
cer is one of the fastest growing. Early detection is of the utmost importance because
a cure is obtainable in the early stages. Heredity may also be a factor. Skin cancer is
usually divided into three major subtypes: basal cell, the most common; squamous
cell, which is the second most common; and melanoma, the most fearsome. Basal cell
carcinomas are directly related to sun damage, with most lesions occurring in sun-
exposed areas. This type recurs frequently. Squamous cell carcinomas are often due
to sun-exposure, may be difficult to distinguish from some changes in the skin, and
spread more readily. Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer; it usually
occurs on the face or upper back. A mnemonic to aid in melanoma characteristics may
be helpful: A—asymmetrical shape; B—borders that are irregular; C—change in
color; D—diameter larger than a pencil eraser; E—ever changing.
WHAT WENT WRONG?
New skin cells are made in the epidermis, which then push the older cells toward the
surface where they are shed. Solar exposure can interrupt this process, causing
cells to divide at an unusual rate, which may lead to a cancer. Those individuals
with a large amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which appears to be
cumulative, are more at risk to develop cancerous tumors. Exposure to greater
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