(^530) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)
This test measures the amount of the protein, CA 125, in the blood. It is per-
formed to monitor existing endometrial and ovarian cancers. This is not a screen-
ing test.Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
This is an x-ray test that examines the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes and
the surrounding area. It is used to identify abnormalities, reasons for infertility,
tubal pregnancy or infections in the uterus and tubes. A contrast dye is inserted
through the vagina into the cervix and x-ray pictures are taken as the dye flows
through the uterus and fallopian tubes.Before the test—Explain to patient NPO for 6–8 hours before the procedure and
that it is normal to experience some cramping during and after the test. Obtain
informed consent.After the test—Monitor the patient after the test for any allergic reaction to the dye.
Monitor for excessive vaginal bleeding.Hysteroscopy
This test directly examines the lining of the uterus to determine the cause of
abnormal bleeding and infertility. A thin viewing tube called a hysteroscope is
moved through the cervix into the uterus via the vagina. A light and a camera
are hooked to the hysteroscope so that the lining of the uterus can be viewed on
a video screen.Before the test—Explain to patient that she must be NPO for 6–8 hours before the
procedure. Obtain informed consent.After the test—Monitor for excessive vaginal bleeding.Mammogram
A radiological study of the breast tissue in which the breasts are positioned and
compressed within a special device to allow optimal imaging. At least two images
are taken of each breast. This test is used to detect growths within the breast tis-
sue, as part of recommended screening for breast cancer.