4–44 If a lung disorder destroys or damages enough alveol/ar sacs, there is less
surface area for gas exchange, and breathlessness results.
Clusters of air sacs at the end of the bronchi/al tree are called
(plural).4–45 The abbreviations O 2 and CO 2 are commonly seen in laboratory reports.
Whenever you are in doubt about an abbreviation, refer to Appendix E for a list of
common abbreviations and symbols.
The abbreviation for oxygen is.
The abbreviation for carbon dioxide is.4–46 The process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells is called
respiration and it occurs in two phases. External respirationoccurs each time we
inhale (breathe in) air. This process results in a gas exchange (O 2 loading and CO 2
unloading) between air-filled chambers of the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary
capillaries. Internal (cellular) respirationis exchange of gases (O 2 unloading and
CO 2 loading) between the blood and body tissue cells. This process occurs in body
tissues when O 2 (carried in blood from the lungs to nourish the body’s cells) is ex-
changed for CO 2. The CO 2 travels in the bloodstream to the lungs and is exhaled
through the mouth or nose.
You may have to read this frame a few times to understand the process of respiration.
Nevertheless, see if you can differentiate between the two types of respiration and
identify the symbols for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Gas exchange between the body and the outside environment is called
.
Gas exchange at the cellular level between the blood and body tissue cells is called
.4–47 The CFs pneum/oand pneumon/omean air; lung.
Pneumon/itis is an of the.4–48 Pneumon/ia, an acute inflammation and infection of the lungs in which
alveoli fill with secretions, is a leading cause of death in the United States.
Analyze pneumon/ia by defining the word elements:
pneumon/o,which means or
-ia,which means (noun ending)4–49 In patients with lung cancer, it may be necessary to remove part or all of
the lung.
Use pneumon/o to form a word that means excision of a lung:
/Frame 4–38to Frame 4–49Respiratory System • CHAPTER 4 121alveoli
ăl-VĒ-ō-lī
O 2
CO 2
air, lung
condition
pneumon/ectomy
nū-mōn-ĔK-tō-mē
inflammation, lung(s)
ĭn-flă-MĀ-shŭn
external respiration
internal respiration