Medical Terminology Simplified

5–55 Label the structures in Figure 5–3 as you continue to learn about the heart.

Contractions of the LV send oxygenated blood through the (15) aortic valveand

into the (16) aorta.The three ascending (17) branches of the aortatransport blood

to the head and arms. The (18) descending aortatransports the blood to the legs

and torso.

5–56 The aorta is the largest artery of the body and originates at the LV of the

heart. The combining form aort/orefers to the aorta. Any disease of the aorta is

called __________ / _____ / ____________________.

5–57 Aortic stenosis, a narrowing or stricture of the aortic valve, may be due to

congenital malformation or fusion of the cusps. The stenosis obstructs the flow of

blood from the LV into the aorta, causing decreased cardi/ac output and pulmon/ary

vascul/ar congestion. Treatment usually requires surgical repair.

Identify the terms in this frame that mean

pertaining to the lungs:____________________ / __________

pertaining to a vessel:____________________ / __________

pertaining to the heart:____________________ / __________

5–58 The suffixes -oleand -ulerefer to small, minute.

An arteri/ole is a small ____________________; a ven/ule is a

____________________ __________.

5–59 Arteries are large vessels that convey blood away from the heart; they branch

into smaller vessels called arteri/oles.The arteri/oles deliver blood to adjoining

minute vessels called capillaries. (See Fig. 5–1.)

Large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called

____________________.

Smaller vessels that are formed from arteries are called

____________________ / __________.

5–60 Arteries convey blood to adjacent smaller vessels called

____________________ / __________.

5–61 Arteri/oles are thinner than arteries and carry blood to extending minute

vessels called ____________________.

5–62 As a person ages, the arteries lose elasticity, thicken, become weakened, and

deteriorate. Deterioration of arterial walls is also due to constant high pressure

needed to transport blood throughout the body.

The medical term for an abnormal condition of artery hardeningis

____________________ / _____ / ____________________ / __________.

Frame 5–46to Frame 5–62

Cardiovascular System • CHAPTER 5 169

aort/o/pathy

ā-ŏr-TŎP-ă-thē

pulmon/ary

PŬL-mō-nĕ-rē

vascul/ar

VĂS-kū-lăr

cardi/ac

KĂR-dē-ăk

artery, small vein

arteries

ĂR-tĕr-ēz

arteri/oles

ăr-TĒ-rē-ōls

arteri/o/scler/osis

ăr-tē-ō-sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs

arteri/oles

ăr-TĒ-rē-ōls

capillaries

KĂP-ĭ-lă-rēz