Medical Terminology Simplified

8–76 Use mast/oto form a word that means pain in the breast.

__________ / _____ / ____________________or__________ / __________

8–77 To prevent the spread of cancer (CA), a malignant breast tumor may be

treated with a partial or complete excision. When a breast has to be removed, the

patient undergoes a__________ / ____________________.

8–78 During puberty, the female’s breasts develop as a result of periodic stimula-

tion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is responsible for

the development of (1) adipose tissue,which enlarges the size of the breasts until

they reach full maturity around age 16. Breast size is primarily determined by the

amount of fat around the (2) glandular tissue,but is not a factor in the ability to

produce and secrete milk. Label the adipose and glandular tissues in Figure 8–7.

8–79 During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen and progesterone prepare the

mammary glands for milk production. Each breast has approximately 20 lobes.

Each (3) lobeis drained by a (4) lactiferous ductthat opens on the tip of the raised

(5) nipple.Circling the nipple is a border of slightly darker skin called the (6) areola.

Label the structures of the mammary glands in Figure 8–7.

8–80 During pregnancy, the breasts enlarge and remain so until lactation ceases.

At menopause, breast tissue begins to atrophy. The ability of mammary glands to

secrete milk for the nourishment of the infant is a process called

____________________.

8–81 Mamm/o/graphy, an x-ray examination of the breast, is used in the

Dx of CA.

Determine the elements in this frame that mean

process of recording:____________________

breast:___________ / _____

8–82 Use mamm/o to construct a word that means surgical reconstruction or

repair of a breast.

__________ / _____ / ________ ____________

8–83 Correction of pendulous breasts can be performed by reconstructive cos-

metic surgery to lift the breasts.

Use mast/o to develop surgical terms that mean

surgical repair of the breast:__________ / _____ / __________

fixation of the breast:__________ / _____ / __________

Boldfaceindicates a word root or combining form. Blueindicates a suffix. Pinkindicates a prefix.

348 CHAPTER 8• Reproductive Systems

mast/o/dynia, mast/algia

măst-ō-DĬN-ē-ă, măst-

ĂL-jē-ă

mast/ectomy

măs-TĔK-tō-mē

lactation

lăk-TĀ-shŭn

-graphy

mamm/o

mamm/o/plasty

MĂM-ō-plăs-tē

mast/o/plasty

MĂS-tō-plăs-tē

mast/o/pexy

MĂS-to-pĕk-sē