Medical Terminology Simplified

10–20 The two ends of bones, the (5) distal epiphysis and (6) proximal epiphysis,

have a bulbous shape to provide space for muscle and ligament attachments near the

joints. Label these structures in Figure 10–4.

10–21 There are two kinds of bone tissue based on porosity, and most bones have

both types. Compact (dense) bone tissue is the hard, outer layer; (7) spongy (cancel-

lous) bonetissue is the porous, highly vascular inner portion. Compact bone tissue

is covered by periosteum that serves as a place of attachment for muscles, provides

protection, and gives durable strength to the bone. The spongy bone tissue makes the

bone lighter and provides a space for bone marrow, where blood cells are produced.

Label the spongy bone in Figure 10–4, and note the position and structure of

compact and spongy bone.

10–22 In Figure 10–4, observe how the diaphysis forms a cylinder that surrounds

the medullary cavity. In adults, the medullary cavity contains fat yellow marrow, so

named because of the large amounts of fat it contains.

10–23 The peri/oste/um, as illustrated in Figure 10–4, covers the entire surface

of the bone. Its blood vessels supply nutrients, and its nerves signal pain. In growing

bones, the inner layer contains bone-forming cells known as oste/o/blasts. Because

blood vessels and oste/o/blasts are located in the peri/oste/um, this site provides a

means for bone repair and general bone nutrition. Bones that lose peri/oste/um

through injury or disease usually scale or die. As discussed earlier, the peri/oste/um

also provides a point of attachment for muscles.

Identify terms in this frame that mean

embryonic cell (that develops into) bone:__________ / _____ / ____________________

structure around bone:__________ / __________ / __________

10–24 Oste/o/genesis is the formation or development of bones.

Identify elements in this frame that mean

forming, producing, origin:____________________

bone:__________ / _____

When we are talking about bone cells, the medical term to use is

__________ / _____ / ____________________.

10–25 In an adult, production of red blood cells (erythr/o/poiesis) occurs in red

bone marrow. Red bone marrow is also responsible for formation of white blood cells

(leuk/o/poiesis) and platelets.

Identify terms in this frame that mean

formation or production of white blood cells:

__________ / _____ / ____________________

formation or production of red blood cells:

____________________ / _____ / ____________________

Boldfaceindicates a word root or combining form. Blueindicates a suffix. Pinkindicates a prefix.

468 CHAPTER 10• Musculoskeletal System

oste/o/blasts

ŎS-tē-ō-blăstz

peri/oste/um

pĕr-ē-ŎS-tē-ŭm

-genesis

oste/o

oste/o/cytes

ŎS-tē-ō-sītz

leuk/o/poiesis

loo-kō-poy-Ē-sĭs

erythr/o/poiesis

ĕ-rĭth-rō-poy-Ē-sĭs