Medical Terminology Simplified

10–72 Sub/cost/al refers to the area ____________________the

__________.

10–73 Cost/algia is a __________ in a __________.

Fractures and Repairs

10–74 A fracture is a break or crack in the bone. Fractures are defined according to

the type and extent of the break. A (1)closed fracturemeans the bone is broken with

no open wound, and surrounding tissue damage is minimal. An (2) open fracture, also

called a compound fracture,means the broken end of a bone pierces the skin, creating

an open wound. In such a fracture, there may be extensive damage to surrounding

blood vessels, nerves, and muscles. Label the closed and open fractures in Figure 10–9.

10–75 In addition to determining the extent of a break in a fracture, there are

many different types of bone fractures, some of which are discussed here. A (3) green-

stick fractureis an incomplete break of a soft bone, which means the bone is partially

bent and partially broken. These fractures usually occur in children because their

growing bones are soft and tend to splinter, rather than break completely. A (4) com-

minuted fracture occurs when the bone is broken into pieces. In an (5) impacted

fracture,the broken ends of a bone are forced into one another; many bone fragments

may be created by such a fracture. A (6) complicated fracture involves extensive soft

tissue injury, such as when a broken rib pierces a lung. A (7) Colles fractureis a break

of the lower end of the radius, which occurs just above the wrist. It causes displace-

ment of the hand and usually occurs as a result of flexing a hand to cushion a fall. An

(8) incomplete fractureis when the line of fracture does not include the whole bone.

Label and study the different types of fractures in Figure 10–9.

Competency Verification:Check your labeling of Figure 10–9 in Appendix B: Answer Key, page 596.

10–76 Identify the fractures that describe the following statements. (Refer to

Figure. 10–9.)

A bone pierces the skin and causes extensive damage to surrounding blood vessels:

__________ ____________________, also called

____________________ ____________________

A bone is broken with no external wound present:

____________________ ____________________

10–77 Identify the fractures that describe the following statements. (Refer to

Fig. 10–9.)

A bone is partially bent and partially broken (found more commonly in children):

____________________ ____________________

The broken ends of bone segments are wedged into one another:

____________________ ____________________

Frame 10–65to Frame 10–77

Skeletal System • CHAPTER 10 479

under orbelow, ribs

pain, rib

open fracture,

compound fracture

closed fracture

greenstick fracture

impacted fracture

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