376 THE CHINA STUDY
- Kelsey jL, Gammon MD, and Esther MJ. "Reproductive factors and breast cancer." Epidemiol.
Revs. 15 (1993): 36-47. - de Stavola BL, Wang DY, Allen DS, et al. "The association of height, weight, menstrual and
reproductive events with breast cancer: results from two prospective studies on the island of
Guernsey (United Kingdom)." Cancer Causes and Control 4 (1993): 331-340. - Rautalahti M, Albanes D, Virtamo j, et al. "Lifetime menstrual activity-indicator of breast
cancer risk." (1993): 17-25 - It was not possible to statistically detect an association of blood hormone levels with breast
cancer risk within this group of women because their blood samples were taken at random
times of their menstrual cycles and breast cancer rates were so low, thus minimizing the abil-
ity to detect such an association, even when real. - Key TjA, Chenj, Wang DY, et al. "Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain."
Brit.}. Cancer 62 (1990): 631-636. - These biomarkers include plasma copper, urea nitrogen, estradiol, prolactin, testosterone
and, inversely, sex hormone binding globulin, each of which has been known to be associated
with animal protein intake from previous studies. - For the total dietary fiber (TDF), the averages for China and the u.s. were 33.3 and 11.1
grams per day, respectively. The range of the county averages are 7.7-77.6 grams per day in
China, compared with a range of 2.4-26.6 grams per day for the middle 90% of American
males. - The correlation for plant protein was +0.53*** and for animal protein was +0.12.
- In principle, using "cancer prevalence within families" as the outcome measurement more ef-
fectively controls for the various causes of cancer that associate with different kinds of cancer,
thus permitting study of an isolated effect of the dietary factor. - Guo W, Li j, Blot Wj, et al. "Correlations of dietary intake and blood nutrient levels with
esophageal cancer mortality in China." Nutr. Cancer 13 (1990): 121-127. - The full effects of these fat-soluble antioxidants can be demonstrated only when antioxidant
concentrations are adjusted for the levels of LDL for individual subjects. This was not known
at the time of the survey, thus provisions were not made for this adjustment. - Kneller RW, Guo W, Hsing AW, et al. "Risk factors for stomach cancer in Sixty-five Chinese
counties." Cancer Epi. Biomarkers PreY. 1 (1992): 113-118. - Information Plus. Nutrition: a key to good health. Wylie, TX: Information Plus, 1999.
- Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman jS, et al. "Carbohydrate Diet Program." Am.}. Med. 113
(2002): 30-36. - Atkins RC Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution. New York, NY: Avon Books, 1999.
- Wright jD, Kennedy-Stephenson j, Wang CY, et al. "Trends in Intake of Energy and Macro-
nutrients-United States, 1971-2000." Morbidity and mortality weekly report 53 (February 6,
2004): 80-82. - Noakes M, and Clifton PM. "Weight loss and plasma lipids." Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 11 (2000):
65-70. - Bilsborough SA, and Crowe TC "Low-carbohydrate diets: what are the potential short-and
long-term health implications?" Asia Pac. }. Clin. Nutr. 12 (2003): 396-404. - Stevens A, Robinson DP, Turpin], et al. "Sudden cardiac death of an adolescent during diet-
ing." South. Med.}. 95 (2002): 1047-1049. - Patty A. "Low-carb fad claims teen's life - Star diet blamed in death." The Daily Telegraph
(Sidney, Australia) November 2, 2002: 10. - Atkins, 1999. Page 275.
- Atkins claims that an antioxidant cocktail can protect against heart disease, cancer and aging,
a claim refuted by several large trials recently completed (see chapter 11). - Atkins, 1999. Page 103.