398 • Index
Islamic Caliphate, 287, 312
Abbasid Caliphate, 302, 305, 306
ascent and decline of, 301–8, 338
Islamic exceptionalism, 293–97
Islamic Fundamentalism, 2, 6, 285–86,
316–34, 338–40
and challenges to traditional moral
order, 339
compensatory ideology, 322
conducive to martyrdom, 324
critical theorist approach to, 322
expression of alienation from political
power, 339
invocation of holy war, 340
notion of jihadlegitimates terrorism,
323–25
promises restoration of umma, 339
as psychosocial reaction to structural
crisis, 328
rejection of nationalism as a
modernist ideology, 286
similarities to classical fascism, 322
social psychological underpinnings,
327–34
virulent forms of in Middle East and
South Asia, 300
Islamic law. See Shariah-based
commercial law
Islamic merchant trading associations,
304
Islamic world
American/British intervention
thwarted progressive movements,
309–10, 314
colonialism, 306, 308–16
decline of economic growth, 306
differences within, 285
economic stagnation and political
weakness, 285, 293, 294, 300
educational systems, 311
elective affinity for a world religion to
pacify region and protect trade,
301–2
fate of reform, 308–10
fundamentalism major determinant of
social life, 295
Golden Age of, 302, 305
government, 312
identity, 313
ideological tensions between
orthodoxy and secular modernities,
311
impact of globalization, 332
inheritance laws, 305
material and ideological barriers to
change, 310–16
no challenge to religious orthodoxy,
299, 307
number of countries with a Muslim
majority, 315
and outside world, 313–14
religion and politics, 312
role of martyrdom in, 324, 325, 335
secular modernity and liberalism
failed to effect lasting change, 309
source of raw materials for Western
goods, 314
status of women, 314–15
subjected to neocolonialism, 339
three major insults bred ressentement
toward West, 308, 331–32
very little of outside publications
translated in, 313
Israel
creation of State of, 306, 331–32
economic and military power, 296
leader in global business, 332
occupation of West Bank, 325
prosperity of, 308
“Israel-alone” model, 237
Italian merchants, 304–5
Italian Renaissance, 307, 312
Jacob, 207
Jamaat Islamiya, 285
Jamal Al Din, 309
James, 219
James, William, 17
James (brother of Jesus), 232
Jameson, Frederic, 12, 26
Japan, Imperial, 334
Jaspers, Karl, 106
Jeroboam, 209, 211
Jerusalem
centralization of power in, 208
theocracy of priesthood, 212
Jesus, 213–14, 215–19
apocalyptic prophecies, 218
appeasing attitude toward Rome, 218
contradictory teaching, 220
Horkheimer on, 76
message about war and peace, 218
and moneylenders in the temple, 216
opposition to the Pharisees, 216
questionable psychological state,
218–19
routinization of charisma of, 219
spoke in parables, 217–18
teachings in relation to political
power, 222
teachings of played off the class
structure, 217