u=−Py+I
1
s
(r−y)−D
N
1+N
1
s
y.
The following plot shows u for different PID forms for a step reference. The 1DOF PID
controller results in a large spike when the reference changes from 0 to 1. The PI-D form
results in a smaller jump. In contrast, the I-PD form does not react as much to the change
in r.
You can tune the P, I, D, and N coefficients of a PI-D or I-PD controller to achieve the
desired disturbance rejection and reference tracking.