Using Language Conventions
Students in grade six increase their command of conventions of standard English grammar and
usage when writing and speaking and capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. They
retain and further develop the skills learned in previous years and learn and use new conventions.
Conventions are learned through rich instruction and by analyzing model texts and the use of
conventions in students’ own writing.
New to grade six are the following:
L.6.1a. Ensure that pronouns are in the proper case (subjective, objective, possessive)
L.6.1b. Use all pronouns correctly
L.6.1c. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
L.6.1d. Recognize and correct vague pronouns
L.6.1e. Recognize variations from standard English in own and others’ writing and use strategies to
improve expression in conventional language
L.6.2a. Use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) to set off nonrestrictive and parenthetical
elements
L.6.2b. Spell correctly
Students improve as they develop their ability to edit their own writing, identifying and correcting
their own errors in language conventions. To learn and use conventions effectively students need
to write frequently for shorter and extended time frames and receive strategic feedback from their
teachers.
Content Knowledge
Reading and interacting with literature and informational
text, conducting research, and reading widely and
independently build students’ knowledge of content in ELA and
other disciplines. Students in grade six engage in the study of
literature, literary nonfiction, and nonfiction in ELA and other
disciplines. Literature study, although not confined exclusively
to ELA, primarily occurs in ELA classrooms. As students face
increased literacy demands in all content areas in grade six,
improved comprehension becomes ever more critical to their
academic success. As discussed in meaning making, strategy
instruction is an important part of ensuring comprehension;
no substitute exists, however, for participation of all students
in a full curriculum in all content areas. Knowledge of content,
including literature, increases proficiency in all the language
arts—most notably reading comprehension.
The following snapshot depicts a historical investigation, in which students read and analyze
primary and secondary sources, write short responses, and participate in small-group and class
discussions.
562 | Chapter 6 Grade 6