Science - USA (2021-12-03)

(Antfer) #1

Goelet al.,Science 374 , eabm0829 (2021) 3 December 2021 9 of 17


Gated on Non-Naive CD4+ T

A
Activation
Markers

24 hours

CD4+ T
CD8+ T
Quantify
Frequency/Phenotype

Stimulate with Spike
Peptide Megapools

CD40LCD107a
CD200IFN-
4-1BB
Flow Cytometry

A

B

0.058 0.059 0.039 0.66

0.039 0.032 0.015 0.20

Gated on Non-Naive CD8+ T

Pre-Immune Post-Vaccine

Pre-Immune Post-Vaccine

CD200
CD40L

IFN-

4-1BB

Unstimulated + Peptide Pool Unstimulated + Peptide Pool

Unstimulated + Peptide Pool Unstimulated + Peptide Pool

* **

CM
EM1
EM2
EM3
EMRA

3m6m

% of Peak Response

Total CD4 Durability
(% of Peak Magnitude)

= 0.5 ,p= 0.0062

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75
% EM1 at 1 Month

6 Month Durability

AIM+ cTfh AIM+ Th1 AIM+ Th2 AIM+ Th17 AIM+ Th1/17

Naive

Recovered

(^0) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 1 36
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
Months Post−Vaccine
% of nnCD4+
CD4+ Helper Subsets




**




****ns




**
0.053



  • ns
    nsns
    AIM+ CM AIM+ EM1 AIM+ EM2 AIM+ EM3 AIM+ EMRA
    Naive
    Recovered
    (^0) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 (^1360) 0.50.75 1 36
    0.001
    0.010
    0.100
    0.001
    0.010
    0.100
    Months Post−Vaccine
    % of nnCD4+
    CD4+ Memory Subsets


  • *ns
    ns
    nsns










  • ***ns
    Naive Recovered
    (^050100150200050100150200)
    0.001
    0.010
    0.100
    1.000
    Days Post−Vaccine
    % of nnCD4+
    AIM+ CD4 T (CD200+ CD40L+)
    0.01
    0.03
    0.10
    0.30
    0 2 4 6
    Months
    % of nnCD4+
    CD4+ AIM+
    Naive Recovered
    (^050100150200050100150200)
    0.001
    0.010
    0.100
    1.000
    Days Post−Vaccine
    % of nnCD8+
    AIM+ CD8 T (4 of 5 markers)
    0.001
    0.010
    0.100
    0 2 4 6
    Months
    % of nnCD8+
    CD8+ AIM+
    41/41 37/39 28/31
    36/41 27/39 13/31
    14/15 8/13 3/9
    10/15 3/13 2/9
    t1/2 = 47d t1/2 = 187d
    SARS-CoV-2 Naive
    N = 42
    SARS-CoV-2 Recovered
    N = 16





  • mRNA
    Vaccine
    C
    D
    CXCR5
    SSC-A
    CXCR3
    CCR6
    CD4+ Helper Subsets
    cTfh
    Th17 Th1/17
    Th2 Th1
    IJ
    E
    FG
    H
    CCR7+: CM
    CCR7-: EM1
    CCR7+: EM2
    CCR7-: EM3CCR7-: EMRA
    Naive
    CD45RA
    CD27
    CD4+ Memory Subsets
    t1/2 = 27dt1/2 = NA
    p = 0.33
    Decay Rates = ns
    Decay Rates = ns
    p = 0.11
    AIM+ Cells
    Pfizer
    Moderna
    ns
    ns



    ns
    ns




    **




    ns
    ns
    ns
    nsns ns ns
    nsns










ns



  • ns ns nsns
    ns

    ns

  • ns



    * ns
    nsns
    ns
    ** nsns








  • ns




    0.099 ns
    nsns





  • < 0.05
    < 0.01
    P value
    −1
    −0.5
    0
    0.5
    1
    Fig. 5. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines generate durable memory T cell
    responses.(AandB) Experimental design (A) and gating strategy (B) for
    quantifying the frequency of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4+and CD8+T cells by
    AIM assay. For CD4+T cells, antigen specificity was defined on the basis of
    coexpression of CD40L and CD200. For CD8+T cells, antigen specificity was
    defined on the basis of expression of at least four of five activation markers,
    as indicated in (A). (CandD) Frequencies of AIM+CD4+T cells (C) and AIM+
    CD8+T cells (D) over time in PBMC samples from vaccinated individuals.
    Data were background subtracted using a paired unstimulated control for each
    time point and are represented as a percentage of non-naïve CD4+or CD8+
    T cells. Black triangles indicate time of vaccine doses, fractions above plots
    indicate the number of individuals above their individual baseline at memory time
    points, and summary plots show mean values with the 95% confidence interval.
    Decay rates were calculated using a piecewise linear mixed-effects model
    with censoring.DDecay Rates indicates whether decay rates were different
    in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and–recovered groups. (E) AIM+CD4+T cell memory
    subsets were identified on the basis of surface expression of CD45RA, CD27,
    and CCR7. (F) Frequencies of AIM+CD4+T cell memory subsets over time.
    (G) Correlation matrix of memory subset skewing at peak (1-month) response
    with total AIM+CD4+T cell durability at 3 and 6 months. Durability was measured
    as the percentage of peak response maintained at memory time points for
    each individual. (H) Correlation between percent of EM1 cells at peak response
    and 6-month durability. (I) AIM+CD4+T helper subsets were defined on the basis
    of chemokine receptor expression. (J) Frequencies of AIM+CD4+T helper
    subsets over time. For (F) and (J), lines connect mean values at different time
    points. Dotted lines indicate the limit of detection for the assay. Statistics
    were calculated using unpaired nonparametric Wilcoxon test with BH correction
    for multiple comparisons. Correlations were calculated using nonparametric
    Spearman rank correlation. *P< 0.05; *P< 0.01;
    P< 0.001; ****P< 0.0001;
    ns, not significant.
    RESEARCH | RESEARCH ARTICLE



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