Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam[103] Cf. Qur'an 37:135 - "an old woman." See also Appendix D, p. 369,
on Jewish and Syrian sources for Lot's wife having been evil.
[104] Geiger, WMJA, p. 58; Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, pp. 114 f;
Jeffery, Vocabulary, p. 257; Watt and Bell, Introduction, pp. 134 f. In his
notes to his famous Qur'an translation, Bell (Commentary, vol. 1, pp. 428 f)
wrote that Qur'an 15:87 would have to have been a Medinan passage if the
word "mathani" really came from "mishnah" as Geiger maintained, and
concerning the "mathani" he (Bell) wrote: "As Casanova points out, the
phrase must refer to something other than the Qur'an; so that the Qur'an and
the punishment stories must at this stage have been separate from each
other." Bell thought the "Qur'an" may only have been revelations which
were used for worship.
[105] E.g. Sahih Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 189 f; Nöldeke, "Qur'an," p. 14.
[106] See Rudolph, Koran, p. 247, n. 24.
[107] For Sira traditions, see: Guillaume, Muhammad, p. 117; Tabari,
History, vol. 6, p. 88. For Western opinions see: Nöldeke and Schwally,
GQ, vol. 1, p. 129.
[108] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 2, p. 97.
[109] Ibid, vol. 1, p. 121; this word is most used in Qur'an 19. Watt and
Bell, Introduction, pp. 152 f.
[110] Jeffery, Vocabulary, pp. 140 f.
[111] Nöldeke, "Qur'an," p. 19, 34 n. 36; Sahih Bukhari, vol. 8, pp. 13 f.