Muhammad: Meccan Opposition[307] Nöldeke, "Qur'an," p. 9; Buhl, Muhammeds, p. 161; Watt,
Muhammad, p. 40; etc. Many Islamic traditions also give the names of
informants (see n. 116, above) and only seldom mention any books as
having been brought to Muhammad.
[308] Muhammad also later learned that Ishmael was Abraham's son; cf.
the references in n. 144, above.
[309] See Appendix D, p. 368.
[310] See Appendix D, p. 372.
[311] Andrae, Ursprung, pp. 158 f, 197, shows that the Nestorian
theologian Babai the Great (c. 580 AD) used the legend of the "Seven
Sleepers" to explain the doctrine of "death-sleep," and that the Qur'anic
Alexander legend probably came from Nestorian stories.
[312] Later Qur'anic "pairs" are: Harun - Qarun, Harut - Marut, Talut -
Jalut; Horovitz, Untersuchungen, p. 81. Some scholars also think that
"Musa - `Isa" may have also been one of these "pairs"; see Jeffery,
Vocabulary, p. 218 for other references.
[313] Recognitions of Clement, book 3, chs. 59, 61 (Ante-Nicene Fathers,
vol. 8, pp. 129, 130); The Clementine Homilies, hom. 2, chs. 15 sqq, 33
(Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 8, pp. 231 f, 235).
[314] Ahrens, "Christliches," ZDMG, 84 (1930), p. 172.
[315] Cf. Appendix F, pp. 410 f.
[316] Irenaeus (Against Heresies, book 1, ch. 26, 2): "They (the Ebionites)
use the Gospel according to Matthew only, and repudiate the Apostle Paul,
maintaining that he was an apostate from the law." (Ante-Nicene Fathers,
vol. 1, p. 352). Ahrens, "Christliches," ZDMG, 84 (1930), p. 172, cites
Eusebius (Ecclesiastical History, 5, 10, 3) as reporting that Pantaenus
(c. 205 AD) found a people using a Hebrew Gospel of Matthew in "India,"
which location Ahrens interprets as having been in southern Arabia.