Muhammad: The Hijra[148] The Christian apologist al-Kindi comments on the discrepancy
between the Qur'an depicting Abraham (and other prophets) as having been
Muslims, and Muhammad's claim of being the first Muslim; ECMD, p. 415.
[149] Cf. Andrae, Ursprung, pp. 160 f; Mohammed, pp. 89 f.
[150] Cf. Andrae, Ursprung, p. 142; Ahrens, "Christliches," ZDMG, 84
(1930), pp. 54 f. This notion of "two" trumpet blasts is thought to have
come from the works of Ephraem the Syrian.
[151] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 154.
[152] Several versions of canonical traditions show that a rabbi came to
Muhammad and said that on the Day of Judgment God would essentially
hold the earth and all creation in His hand and would say that He is Lord
(or King), upon which Muhammad is reported to have recited Qur'an 39:67;
Sahih Bukhari, vol. 9, p. 409; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1461. Apparently
later, however, Muhammad is depicted as having repeated what the rabbi
had told him as true; Sahih Bukhari, vol. 8, pp. 345 f; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4,
p. 1462. It is rather possible that Muhammad actually got the idea for
Qur'an 39:67 from a rabbi in the first place.
[153] See Appendix F, pp. 412 f.
[154] These verses are thought to have date from after the battle of Badr,
or probably even Uhud; Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, pp. 154 f.
[155] See Appendix D, p. 382.
[156] Allah, who is generally referred to in first person plural (vv. 14, 26,
30, 34), is spoken of in third person singular in v. 23; Horovitz,
Untersuchungen, p. 23.
[157] See p. 89, above.
[158] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 155, consider the phrase "with
better means" (v. 45) to refer to Muhammad's armed conflict with the Jews.