Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam[191] Zayd b. Thabit is said to have learned to write from some of the
Meccan prisoners; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1, p. 23.
[192] Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 314 f; Tabari, History, vol. 7, pp. 73 f.
[193] See p. 106, above.
[194] Rudolph, Koran, p. 176, n. 6.
[195] See n. 177, above.
[196] See p. 187, above.
[197] See Appendix F, p. 415.
[198] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 2, pp. 80 f. Cf. Watt and Bell,
Introduction, p. 60; ECMD, p. 457.
[199] The idea for such rivers in Paradise seems to have come from the
apocryphal Secrets of Enoch or Apocalypse of Paul; see Appendix F,
p. 415.
[200] See p. 187, above.
[201] Cf. Guillaume, Muhammad, p. 263, where Finhas the Jew voiced his
dissatisfaction at being asked to contribute for the Muslims' war against the
Meccans.
[202] Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 675 f; Ibn Sad, Classes, vol. 2, 1, pp. 30 f; Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 90 f. Ibn Hisham shows that Muhammad instigated her murder. Ibn Sad and Waqidi present `Umayr as having
vowed to kill her.
[203] Guillaume, Muhammad, p. 675; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1, p. 31;
Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 91 f. Cf. ECMD, p. 430.