Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam
[299] Or 60 or 65 years old; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 2, pp. 383 f; Tabari,
History, vol. 9, p. 206.
[300] Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 678 f; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 2,
pp. 239 f; Tabari, History, vol. 9, pp. 162 f; Wellhausen, Medina, p. 281.
[301] Wellhausen, Medina, p. 417.
[302] Ibid., p. 427.
[303] See nn. 108, 242 and 271, above.
[304] See n. 272, above.
[305] See, nn. 109, 273.
[306] Islamic hadith claim that Muhammad knew Ethiopic; see p. 136,
n. 306, above.
[307] See p. 202, above.
[308] See p. 257, above.
[309] See p. 263, above.
[310] See pp. 265 f , above.
[311] See p. 275, above.
[312] Cf. Wellhausen, Medina, p. 281.
[313] Later Islamic traditions incredibly depict many of the pagans, Jews
and Christians who were attacked as having planned offensives against
Muhammad. Typically, however, the Islamic reports often show that the
Muslims seized the livestock of those they came across, even after they
were unable to find any of the alleged enemy forces.