Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam
Notes:
[1] Guillaume, Traditions, p. 19, doubts a tradition given by Muir, in
which `Umar II (d. 720 AD) is said to have ordered the collection of hadith.
[2] The Qur'an can hardly be used as a historical document as the Bible
can be and is (e.g. by archaeologists). Moreover, although the Qur'an
mentions prayer and ablution, for instance, it does not describe exactly how
these are to be performed. See also p. 15, above.
[3] See p. 15, above.
[4] Nevo, "Prehistory," JSAI, 17 (1994), pp. 109 f.
[5] Ibid., pp. 117 f.
[6] Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, p. 19.
[7] Sahih Bukhari, vol. 1, p. 17; Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, pp. 11 f.
[8] Sahih Bukhari, vol. 1, p. 17; Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, pp. 9 f.
[9] See p. 41, above.
[10] See p. 15, above.
[11] Schwally, GQ, vol. 2, p. 146; Juynboll, Authenticity, p. 139: "... only
if the content of a tradition with a sound isnad was in flagrant contradiction
to the Qur'an, it was rejected; if the content could in any way be interpreted
so that it harmonized with the Qur'an and other traditions, it was left alone."
Jeffery, Materials, p. viii, (in speaking of the "isnads" used by Ibn Abu
Dawud in Kitab al-Masahif): "The assistance of Muslim savants in this
matter was not very helpful for we could not overcome the principle that
every isnad that led to a statement at variance with orthodoxy was ipso
facto condemned."