Muhammad: His Call[131] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 104.
[132] According to Guillaume, Muhammad, p. 134, the word "Rahman"
was a title for Musaylima, and Muhammad was accused of having been his
student. It is clear from the Qur'an, however, that Muhammad used
"Rahman" for God, and that the Meccans did not accept "Rahman" (cf.
Qur'an 25:61; Buhl, Muhammeds, p. 166).
[133] See Rudolph, Koran, p. 556, n. 2.
[134] Iram was probably a city in South Arabia; Jeffery, Vocabulary,
p. 53.
[135] Rudolph, Koran, p. 557, n. 6.
[136] A. Ben-Shemesh (The Noble Quran, p. viii) suggests "he of the
pegs" for Pharaoh should be "he of the pyramids." It is also clear from the
verses following v. 9, that Muhammad did not know the story about
Pharaoh very well at the time of this sura. Cf. Qur'an 38:11; Horovitz, Un-
tersuchungen, p. 130; SEI, p. 107.
[137] See Andrae, Ursprung, p. 69, where he cites Volz, Judische Escha-
tologie, p. 266 and Taanit 2a.
[138] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 105.
[139] Cf. Amos 8:4f; Deut. 25:13f; Prov. 11:1. Many Muslim scholars
consider this sura to have been one of the last Meccan suras; see Appendix
B, p. 353; cf. Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 105.
[140] The word probably came from the Hebrew "Elyon" = "The most
High," which was another term for God, and not the name of a book;
Nöldeke, "Qur'an," p. 14; Jeffery, Vocabulary, pp. 215 f. Margoliouth,
"Additions," JRAS, (1939), pp. 57 f, thinks that the Arabic may have been
misspelled and may have come from Syriac, based on Is. 8:1f.