The Psychology of Gender 4th Edition

90 Chapter 3

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Male Female

Stereotype Control

Male Female

Performance on Math Test

FIGURE 3.10 Females performed worse on a math test after

they had received information consistent with the negative

stereotype surrounding women and math (experimental condi-

tion). Male performance was unaffected by this information.

Source: Adapted from Keller (2002).

Men

Science

Women

Liberal Arts

• Boy


• Chemistry
  •Girl


• Humanities

Men

Liberal Arts

Women

Science

Stereotypical Counter Stereotypical

• Boy


• Chemistry
  •Girl


• Humanities

FIGURE 3.11 Example of the Implicit Association Test. The tar-

get words (shown in the center of the screen) are flashed one at a time

and the respondent is to choose the correct category from the right

or left on the top of the screen. The respondent is said to hold stereo-

typical beliefs when their response times to the stereotype screen are

shorter than their response times to the counter-stereotype screen.

sex differences in eighth grade science scores

across 34 nations. Respondents’ explicit

stereotypes—endorsement of men as better

than women at science—also were associ-

ated with sex differences in math and science

scores but the relation was substantially

smaller than the relation to implicit atti-

tudes. That is, countries in which people had

the strongest implicit stereotypes about sex

differences in science were the countries in

which the sex differences in test scores were

largest.

M03_HELG0185_04_SE_C03.indd 90 6/21/11 12:22 PM